http://highscalability.com/latency-everywhere-and-it-costs-you-sales-how-crush-it

 *Do not use locks in the main transaction flow because they cause context switches, and therefore latency and unpredictable jitter.
 *Never have more threads that need to run than you have cores available.
 *Set affinity of threads to cores, or at least sockets, to avoid cache pollution by avoiding migration.  This is particularly important when on a server class machine having multiple sockets because of the NUMA effect.
 *Ensure uncontested access to any resource respecting the Single Writer Principle so that the likes of biased locking can be your friend.
 *Keep call stacks reasonably small.  Still more work to do here.  If you are crazy enough to use Spring, then check out your call stacks to see what I mean!  The garbage collector has to walk them finding reachable objects.
 *Do not use finalizers.
 *Keep garbage generation to modest levels.  This applies to most JVMs but is likely not an issue for Zing.
 *Ensure no disk IO on the main flow.
 *Do a proper warm-up before beginning to measure.
 *Do all the appropriate OS tunings for low-latency systems that are way beyond this blog.  For example turn off C-States power management in the BIOS and watch out for RHEL 6 as it turns it back on without telling you!
 *Macro-benchmarking is much more valuable than micro-benchmarking.
 *Amazing results are achieved by truly agile companies, staffed by talented individuals, who are empowered to make things happen. Make sh*t happen is more important than following a process.

http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/5/2/12-ways-to-increase-throughput-by-32x-and-reduce-latency-by.html

http://bravenewgeek.com/everything-you-know-about-latency-is-wrong/

How to monitor - https://plumbr.eu/blog/user-experience/how-to-derive-business-value-from-performance-monitoring

How to measure latency - https://vanilla-java.github.io/2016/07/20/Latency-for-a-set-Throughput.html

Various cause of latency, and the solution - https://www.informatica.com/downloads/1568_high_perf_messaging_wp/Topics-in-High-Performance-Messaging.htm